How the Google Search engine works
When was the Google search engine created?
In the fall of 1997, the creators of the search engine officially registered a separate domain which later became the most visited website in the world — Google.com:

The history of Google
The developers put the concept of PageRank at the heart of the service, according to which the importance of a web page from the point of view of the search engine was determined based on the number of links to it.
In late summer 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin received $100 thousand from the co-founder of Sun Microsystem for the development of the project. It was with these funds that their company was founded.
As of 2019, Google according to Forbes ranks second in the list of the most expensive brands in the world. This is the undisputed leader among search engines owning 92.42% of the global market share. According to Alexa statistics, the average user views more than 10 pages per day on Google, spending about 8 minutes on the website
How Google algorithms work
Google's algorithms are based on the sequential execution of several processes related to each other which are crawling, page indexing, and then displaying them taking into account relevance and personalization.
Now, in addition to displaying relevant web pages, Google search allows retrieving information from books stored in the largest libraries, find out transport schedules, well-known facts, and much more. Such opportunities appeared thanks to the construction of the Knowledge Graph:

Page scanning by Google search robots
The Googlebot takes the website settings into account and processes those pages and links that are allowed for crawling. However, even if the ban on indexing a specific page is specified in the robots.txt file, it can still get into Google's search results. Therefore, if you want to reliably disallow pages from crawling, it is preferable to add the noindex attribute to the page HTML code or to write the noindex header in the HTTP request.
The frequency of crawling by a Google bot is determined by it independently; the process takes from several days to several weeks. You can request repeated crawling for individual pages or the entire website.
Google website indexing
Google can index content in almost any format:


site:URL-page address


Google ranking factors
The list of the most important ranking factors in 2019 includes:
- domain age and trust rate;
- quality of content;
- click-through rate (CTR) in organic results;
- adaptivity to mobile devices;
- page loading speed;
- search engine optimization of the page, that is, keyword entries, uniqueness, text volume, keywords in meta tags, etc.
Search personalization
Geo-dependent queries take into account the geographic location of a user which is set by the browser, based on their IP address or using geolocation on a mobile device:





Conclusion
- The Google search engine is the most popular online service in the world which is used by billions of people receiving answers to tens of thousands of queries every second.
- The system operates on the basis of search algorithms that provide scanning and indexing of pages on the Internet.
- When generating search results, more than two hundred ranking factors are taken into account as well as individual settings of a particular user, that is, their location, fields of interest, and content that friends shared with them on social media.
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